The program window
The window has five parts, each with its own job.

Left — the tools
Tools of the current workbench, grouped by meaning: drawing a sketch, turning a sketch into a body, refining the body. The set changes with the workbench: Sketch will not offer “Shell”, and Assembly will not offer “Line”.
Top — the path and the parameters
The first line is the path through the document: Assembly › Part › Sketch. It shows where you
are, and it takes you back up in one click.
The second line appears when a command is active and holds its parameters: extrusion height, fillet radius, the number of copies in an array. Every field accepts a formula.
Centre — the viewport
The model itself. The view cube in the top right corner turns the camera: a face gives the front, top or side view, a corner gives an isometric one, an edge gives a 45° view.
Right — the properties
What is selected, what made it and what depends on it. The panel shows, it does not edit: editing goes through a command, which has a preview, formulas and Esc to cancel.
Bottom — the status
What is happening right now, how many degrees of freedom the sketch has left, where the cursor is.